ART 2.0: David Joselit’s “After Art” (2012)
Herzog & de Meuron and Ai Weiwei. Installation Piece for the Venice Architecture Biennale, 2008 Italian Pavilion, Giardini, Venice, Italy
For a number of decades now, the humanities have been collectively held captive by what one could call ‘Benjamin syndrome’: the belief that societal change can be deduced from technological development, coupled with the eagerness to sketch the fault lines of the ongoing digital seism.
This past Valentine’s Day in Berlin, the small Pro qm bookshop was packed to the brim, teeming with anticipation: the title of David Joselit’s new essay, After Art (2012) , forebode the next big epistemological quake, and the author himself was present. Published last fall by the Princeton University Press, the book was introduced by Armen Avanessian, followed by a discussion between Joselit, Isabelle Graw, and critic and researcher Philipp Ekardt.
Much as the book’s promise is bold, the talk’s delivery was lacking. Neither the author nor the respondents managed to convey an adequate notion of the book’s content. The discussion was agreeable, yet frustrating, winding about the books core claims and straying into marginal topics, without ever taking the author to task. Isabelle Graw tried to raise a crucial point: in what way do Joselit’s claims relate to the notion of experience economy? But nobody followed through. I, for one, was curious to know how Joselit’s ‘connectivity’ differs from its evil twin, Boltanski and Chiapello’s ‘connectionist’ capitalism – the new modes of exploitation arising from the neoliberal ethos of the network economy. So I bought the book.
After Art puts forth an analysis of how contemporary art became a form of currency, one whose circulation entails the power to project visibility. The author suggests that ‘connectivity’ be treated as a critical subject, before schematizing the types of links aesthetics is able to mobilize and finally moving to specific examples.
David Joselit, After Art , (Princeton University Press, 2012)
The book opens with a noteworthy claim: the ‘age of art’ is over. In Joselit’s view the modern period – the period in which individual artists usurped the agency of the image– is a small glitch in history, preceded by an era of pre-modern images (icons) and swiftly outflanked by a torrent of ‘image explosion’ (lolcats and Kim Kardashian?)
Along these lines, After Art aims at shifting critical emphasis from ‘art’ to ‘images’. The logical step forward would, it seems, thus be to expand the definition of art to include the nexuses of these all-pervading digital fleets. Instead, what Joselit delivers is a rather incongruous attempt to link the vectors of digital circulation with specific artistic practices – as diverse as those of Matthew Barney, Pierre Huyghe, Santiago Sierra and Tania Bruguera – via the aesthetics of parametricism (an architectural style derived from 3D-modeling). According to the book, ‘the emergent image is a dynamic form that arises out of circulation’ and ‘aesthetic objects are forms crystallizing out of a population or currency of images.’ At this point, the notion of ‘images’ – which the author himself defines as ‘quantum of visual content’ –loses its precision. In fact, it’s hard to fathom in what way the author’s pledge to “expand the definition of art to embrace heterogeneous configurations of relationships or links” differs from the proposals already advanced by relational aesthetics.
Which brings us to the book’s most glaring blind spot. Following Joselit’s argument, contemporary art’s strength lies in its ability to beget heterogeneous formats, ‘dynamic mechanisms for aggregating content’, for instance, through the conflation of ‘social elites, sophisticated philosophy, a spectrum of practical skills in representation, mass public, discourse of attributing meaning to images, financial speculation, assertions of national and ethnic identity’. Contemporary artists should embrace their power to ‘project visibility’ by forsaking traditional object making in favour of creating ‘platforms’ – which art seems to have an unprecedented ease at forming – in order to make new ‘aesthetic, social and political circuits emerge’. The way artists are supposed to do this – contrary to the author’s assertions – is not without difficulties. ‘Connectivity’ is not a physical force, akin to wind or coal power; nor is it the spontaneous or logical result of neutral social networks.
Artists cannot simply harness the power of these so-called “platforms” at the service of artistic dissent and civil disobedience – as the author suggests Ai Weiwei does – because these ‘platforms’ themselves decide what constitutes dissent (as well as participation); it’s those platforms that determine who gets to be called an artist, who exhibits at the Tate and who, when push comes to shove, is dubbed a trespasser and gets dispersed by the riot police. Despite acumen of its opening claims, After Artfails to challenge market consensus and to engage the material conditions underpinning digital circulation. As such, it unwittingly ends up advocating for the surrender of critical criteria to the dominance of PR.